Solar Energy Knowledge Centre

Understand Solar. Choose Better.

A practical guide to solar energy in India — from the basic science of a solar panel to rooftop systems, solar pumps, government programmes, financing, product choices, dealership opportunities and career learning.

Solar in India

India's solar sector has become a major part of the country's renewable-energy landscape.

164.59 GW Cumulative solar capacity as of 31 July 2026
30.74 GW Grid-connected rooftop solar capacity
6.51 GW Off-grid solar capacity
4.77 GW Solar component in hybrid projects
Solar Basics

What is a solar panel?

Start with the simplest explanation before moving into system design and technology.

Sunlight becomes electricity.

A solar panel is made from photovoltaic cells. When sunlight falls on these cells, they generate direct-current electricity.

An inverter then manages or converts the electrical energy so it can be used by appliances, stored in batteries or exported to the electricity grid, depending on the system design.

A complete solar installation normally involves much more than the panels. The design can include an inverter, mounting structure, protection equipment, cables, monitoring equipment, batteries and metering arrangements.

Sunlight Solar energy
PV Panel DC electricity
Inverter Power management
Load Home / business
System Types

On-grid, off-grid or hybrid?

The right system depends on your electricity connection, backup requirements, budget, location and usage pattern.

On-Grid Solar

A grid-connected system works alongside the utility electricity network. Solar generation can reduce electricity drawn from the grid, subject to applicable metering and local regulations.

  • Grid connected
  • Generally no battery required
  • Suitable for many urban homes
  • Net-metering rules may apply

Off-Grid Solar

An off-grid system is designed for locations where the grid is unavailable or where independent power supply is required.

  • Independent of utility grid
  • Battery storage is normally important
  • Useful in remote locations
  • Requires careful load planning

Hybrid Solar

A hybrid system combines solar generation with battery storage and grid or other available power sources.

  • Solar + battery + grid
  • Backup capability
  • Flexible energy management
  • Higher system complexity


Feature On-Grid Off-Grid Hybrid
Utility Grid Connected Not required Usually connected
Battery Usually not required Normally required Normally included
Backup Depends on grid Yes, through storage Designed for backup
Typical Use Homes / businesses Remote / independent loads Homes / businesses needing flexibility

Solar Water & Agriculture Pumps

Solar pumps use electricity generated from solar modules to operate water pumping equipment. They can be useful for agricultural irrigation and water supply applications.

AC and DC pump configurations
Surface and submersible options
Pump sizing depends on water, land and irrigation requirements
Suitable system design is important before installation
Agriculture Solar

What is PM-KUSUM?

PM-KUSUM is the Government of India's Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan. It supports solar applications in agriculture, including standalone solar pumps and solarisation of existing grid-connected agricultural pumps.

The official PM-KUSUM portal explains that Component B covers standalone solar agricultural pumps and Component C includes grid-connected agricultural pump solarisation.

Eligibility, subsidy contribution, vendor selection and implementation are handled according to the applicable government and state-level arrangements.

Official PM-KUSUM Portal
Government Solar Support

What help is available from the Government?

Government support can include central financial assistance, state programmes, DISCOM processes, agricultural schemes, financing arrangements and other renewable energy initiatives.

PM Surya Ghar

PM-Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana is the Government of India's major residential rooftop-solar programme. The scheme was sanctioned with an overall financial outlay of ₹75,021 crore.

Official Rooftop Portal

PM-KUSUM

PM-KUSUM focuses on solar applications for the agricultural sector, including standalone solar pumps and solarisation of agricultural pumping systems.

Official PM-KUSUM Portal

MNRE

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy is the central government ministry responsible for India's renewable-energy policy and programmes.

Visit MNRE
Official Resources

Check government information at the source

Solar policies, subsidy procedures, DISCOM information and eligibility can change. Always verify current information through official portals before making a payment or signing a contract.

Solar Finance

Can solar be financed with a loan?

Financing availability depends on the borrower, project, lender, credit assessment, documentation and applicable banking product.

Residential Solar Finance

Homeowners may explore solar-specific finance or applicable retail loan products through banks and financial institutions.

Business / MSME Finance

Businesses can discuss project finance, equipment finance or applicable MSME lending options with their bank or financial institution.

Agriculture Finance

Farmers should check current agricultural finance and solar-pump programmes with the relevant state department, bank or authorised implementing agency.

Important: A government solar subsidy and a bank loan are different things. Subsidy eligibility does not automatically mean loan approval. Interest rates, loan limits, collateral requirements, repayment periods and eligibility are decided by the relevant lender or programme.
Product Ecosystem

Multiple solar brands and product categories

SolarConnect can discuss product requirements across multiple brands and categories. Availability depends on project specification, location, stock and applicable programme requirements.

Tata Power Solar
Adani Solar
Vikram Solar
Waaree
Luminous
UTL Solar
RenewSys
Premier Energies
Goldi Solar
Jakson Solar
Emmvee
Saatvik Green
Navitas Solar
Rayzon Solar
Insolation Energy
Alpex Solar
Loom Solar
Microtek
Havells
Su-Kam
Waaree Energies
Eastman
Livfast
Amara Raja
Exide
Polycab
ABB
Schneider Electric
Delta
Sungrow

Brand names are shown for product-category orientation only. Actual product availability, authorised channel status, model eligibility, warranty and government-programme eligibility should be verified before purchase.

Solar Learning

Solar education for every age

Solar energy is not only a business subject. It is also an excellent way to learn about physics, engineering, economics, climate, agriculture and sustainable development.

School Level

Students can learn the basic idea: sunlight contains energy, photovoltaic cells convert light into electricity, and electricity can power useful loads. Simple experiments can introduce energy, circuits and sustainability.

College Level

Engineering and science students can explore PV cells, module characteristics, inverters, system sizing, batteries, electrical protection, monitoring and energy economics.

University / Research

Higher education can examine photovoltaic materials, grid integration, storage, forecasting, power electronics, policy, financing, agrivoltaics and renewable energy systems.

SolarConnect Partnership

Dealer onboarding process

Interested in building a solar business? Our dealership process is designed to allow time for documentation, verification, territory discussion and onboarding preparation.

01

Enquiry

Submit your business details, location, experience and preferred partnership model.

02

Discussion & Verification

Our team reviews the enquiry and discusses the proposed market, business model and documentation.

03

Onboarding Preparation

Approved applicants proceed through the required documentation and onboarding formalities.

04

Activation

After completion of applicable formalities, the partner can proceed according to the agreed business arrangement.

30-day onboarding period: For dealership onboarding, allow up to a 30-day waiting / processing period for documentation review, verification, commercial discussion, territory assessment and onboarding completion. The actual timeline can depend on document completeness, internal approval and other applicable requirements.
Frequently Asked Questions

Solar questions, explained simply

A quick reference for homeowners, farmers, students, businesses and new solar customers.

What is solar energy?
Solar energy is energy obtained from sunlight. Solar photovoltaic systems convert sunlight into electrical energy using photovoltaic cells.
How does a solar panel generate electricity?
Photovoltaic cells respond to sunlight and produce direct-current electricity. The system then uses power electronics and an inverter to make the generated electricity suitable for the intended application.
What is an on-grid solar system?
An on-grid system is connected to the electricity network. It can generate power for the premises and reduce the amount of electricity required from the grid, subject to the applicable local metering and regulatory arrangements.
What is an off-grid solar system?
An off-grid system is designed to operate without depending on the utility grid. Battery storage is commonly used so that energy can be available when solar generation is low or unavailable.
What is a hybrid solar system?
A hybrid system combines solar generation with battery storage and may also interact with the utility grid. It is useful where energy flexibility and backup are important.
What is PM Surya Ghar?
PM-Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana is a Government of India programme for residential rooftop solar. Subsidy/CFA, eligibility and implementation follow the current official guidelines and portal process.
What is PM-KUSUM?
PM-KUSUM is a Government of India programme supporting solar applications in the agriculture sector, including standalone solar pumps and solarisation of agricultural pumping systems.
Is government subsidy available for every solar installation?
No. Government support depends on the applicable scheme, customer category, project type, state implementation, technical requirements and current guidelines. Always verify eligibility through the relevant official portal.
Can I take a loan for solar?
Solar financing may be available through banks and financial institutions, depending on the product and borrower. Approval, interest rate, tenure, security and documentation are determined by the lender.
Which solar panel brand is best?
There is no single brand that is best for every project. Module technology, warranty, product availability, system design, authorised supply channel, inverter compatibility and total project economics should all be considered.
Can a farmer install a solar pump?
Solar agricultural pumps are supported under applicable programmes in India. PM-KUSUM includes provisions for standalone solar pumps and solarisation of agricultural pumps. Eligibility and implementation are subject to the applicable state and scheme rules.
How long does SolarConnect dealership onboarding take?
SolarConnect dealership onboarding should allow a 30-day processing period for documentation review, verification, commercial discussion and onboarding formalities. The actual completion time may vary depending on the application.
Can students learn solar energy through SolarConnect?
This page is designed as an introductory learning resource for school students, college students and university learners. Solar energy connects subjects including physics, electrical engineering, economics, agriculture and environmental science.
SolarConnect Enquiry

Not sure which solar solution you need?

Tell us what you are looking for. Whether you are a homeowner, farmer, business owner, student, institution or prospective dealer, we can start with your requirement.

Rooftop solar enquiries
Solar pump requirements
On-grid, off-grid and hybrid systems
Government-scheme guidance
Solar business and dealership enquiries

Your enquiry is intended for SolarConnect business support. Government subsidy or loan approval is never guaranteed by submitting this form.